Author: Adam DuVander

Ahead of any presidential election, there are events Democratic and Republican voters alike need to know. These include conventions, caucuses, debates, and other categories of events that occur leading up to a presidential election. If you don’t have time to track each of the 90+ presidential primary events for 2020, you can get by as long as you keep an eye out for key dates like Super Tuesday and the additional presidential primary events that play a huge role in the election of the next U.S. president in 2020.

View 2020 Primary Dates & Locations in a full screen map

The map above has all the 2020 presidential primary events you need to know, which we got from the New York Times’ 2020 Presidential Election Calendar. Sort the map by presidential primary event categories or the year and month of the event to narrow down the dates you need to know most.

Conventions, Caucuses, and Other Categories

We are tracking 91 presidential primary events for the 2020 election. That’s a lot to remember! Luckily, we can break down the events into five categories: conventions, debates, the election, and primaries and caucuses. Let’s learn what events from each category entail.

Conventions

On the map above are two nominating conventions, which you may recognize from the presidential nominating convention locations since 1832. These conventions are where the two major political parties will officially select their candidate for President of the United States. The Democratic National Convention takes place July 13-16, 2020, in Milwaukie, Wisconsin, while the Republican National Convention starts August 24th, 2020 and runs through the 27th in Charlotte, North Carolina.

Debates

Twelve primary debates are scheduled throughout the 2020 presidential election cycle, all of which are for the Dems to debate amongst themselves. Six of these Democratic primary debates take place in 2019 while six more are scheduled for 2020 as Democrats narrow down their presidential candidate.

Republicans are skipping their own primary debates this election as primary debates are for candidates of the same political party. Seeing as incumbent Presidents have a better chance at winning the presidential election than any new candidate of the same political party, Republicans are pretty much guaranteed to stick with Donald Trump and they don’t need to hear from any other GOP candidates to make that decision.

There are also three presidential debates for when each party nominates their #1 candidate at the nominating conventions, along with one vice presidential debate.

The Election

The election is a category with just one event: the 2020 presidential election. This cycle, the election will take place on Tuesday, November 3rd, which is quite early. Election day is always on the Tuesday after the first Monday of November, with the earliest possible date being November 2nd and the latest possible date being November 8th.

Primaries & Caucuses

While these two categories accomplish the same goal of selecting a primary candidate, primaries and caucuses use different methods to do so. A primary is similar to a general election in that it is a statewide voting process where voters cast ballots for the primary candidate of their choice. A caucus, on the other hand, is comprised of local gatherings where voters decide which primary candidate to support and select delegates for the nominating conventions.

The 2020 presidential primary season has seen the cancelation of several of the primaries and caucuses that usually take place: the Kansas Republican caucuses, Nevada Republican caucuses, the Arizona Republican primary, and the South Carolina Republican primary. All of the canceled events were meant to be for Republicans to select their candidate. However, just like the absence of GOP primary debates, Republicans in these states already know they’ll be supporting their incumbent. It turns out canceling primaries and caucuses is quite a common practice. Throughout the 2012 election when Barack Obama was the incumbent, several of these same states canceled their Democratic primaries and caucuses in support of the incumbent at the time.

Keep an Eye out for Key Dates Like Super Tuesday

Even with the 91 presidential primary events broken down into categories, the events are still not the easiest to track. Short from making our map your browser’s homepage, just keep an eye out for the one month or even just the one key day during which most of the presidential primary events take place.

There are 39 primary events scheduled for March 2020, which is nearly 48% of all primary events for this election. These March events include the primaries of key states like Michigan and Ohio which will provide insight into the preferences of suburbanites, African-Americans, and the white working-class. Then there is the Super Tuesday in March, which accounts for nearly 40% of delegate allocation. Political analysts expect the presidential primary race to be decided on Super Tuesday (March 3rd, 2020), when all of the following primary events all take place:

• American Samoa Democratic caucus
• Alaska Republican conventions
• Texas primaries
• Alabama primaries
• Arkansas primaries
• Colorado primaries
• Maine primaries
• Massachusetts primaries
• Minnesota primaries
• North Carolina primaries
• Oklahoma primaries
• Tennessee primaries
• Utah primaries
• Vermont primaries
• Virginia primaries
• Democrats Abroad primary
• California primaries

Most notable on Super Tuesday are the California and Texas primaries. As California has the most delegates in the U.S., it is one to keep an eye out for on Super Tuesday. Texas has the second-largest amount of delegates, so it too is one to watch on this monumental March day.

More Presidential Primary Events That Play a Huge Role

In addition to Super Tuesday, what other 2020 presidential primary events play a huge role in determining the presidential candidates? The Iowa caucus is where the first primary votes will be cast. These first votes can impact who the choices of voters later on, so pay attention to the results of the Iowa caucus on Monday, February 3rd. The next event to watch, the New Hampshire primary, takes place on Tuesday, February 11th.

Following the New Hampshire primary on the 11th is Nevada’s Democratic caucus on Saturday, February 22nd. This caucus is known for being well-attended and it is also the first state caucus with a large Latinx population. The results of Nevada is a good indication of how other voters are leaning. Then, on Saturday, February 29th, the spotlight is on South Carolina. Their Democratic primary is a good predictor of who black voters will select.

The last presidential primary event that will play a huge role is the New York primary, which is scheduled for Tuesday, April 28th. If any Democratic primary candidate is ahead at this point, the leaders of the Democratic party will likely call the primary race on this day.

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There you have it, voters: all the 2020 presidential primary events you need to know laid out on a sortable map, along with the most important dates to watch. Which primary candidates do you think will win in 2020? And which of the primary candidates — if elected, of course — do you think could out-travel George W. Bush, who made 140 international trips abroad during his time in the Oval Office? You can read more about the international travels of U.S. presidents here.

In a few years, the 55th American football championship, also known as the Super Bowl, will be played. While some Super Bowl fans are fervently identifying their ideal fantasy league for 2024, we’re more curious about the locations of Super Bowls past, present, and future.

We’ll take a look at some popular Super Bowl locations (some stadiums have hosted the Super Bowl over five times!), along with the highest-attended Super Bowls in history. Plus, we’ll note the locations of future Super Bowls and the three states that make up over 70% of Super Bowl locations.

View Super Bowl Locations in a full screen map

The map is based on this list of Super Bowl champions and their locations. You can sort the map by the most popular venues or by Super Bowl attendance and then keep on reading for more Super Bowl location trends. Let’s kick-off!

Popular Super Bowl Locations

Several stadiums have hosted the Super Bowl on more than one occasion. For example, New Orleans’ Superdome has welcomed NFL fans six times. The first Super Bowl located at the Superdome was the 1978 Super Bowl XII. Most recently, though, the 2002 Super Bowl XXXVI was held there.

The Rose Bowl, located in Pasadena, California, has also hosted the Super Bowl multiple times, the first taking place in 1977. In total, the Rose Bowl has hosted the Super Bowl five times, most recently in 1993. Perhaps we’ll see the sixth soon. Like the Rose Bowl, the Miami Orange Bowl has also hosted the Super Bowl five times, all of which occurred between 1968-1979. The following venues have also hosted the Super Bowl at least twice:

• Tulane Stadium (New Orleans)
• Raymond James Stadium (Tampa)
• University of Phoenix Stadium (Glendale)
• Tampa Stadium (Tampa)
• Qualcomm Stadium (San Diego)
• Mercedes-Benz Superdome (New Orleans)
• Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (L.A.)
• Joe Robbie Stadium (Miami Gardens)
• Georgia Dome (Atlanta)

Cities selected to host Super Bowls need to have moderate weather in February — or at least stadiums covered by a dome so that the players (and fans) don’t freeze. But we’re sure more than 10 states fit the bill. Yes, only 34 different stadiums across 10 U.S. states have hosted the Super Bowl.

The majority of the Super Bowls (41 out of 58, or over 70%) were located in either Florida, California, or Louisiana. The entire extended midwest and much of the northern U.S. has been passed over for a chance at hosting. This may coincide with strict weather stipulations, but it may not. Check out our map of extreme temperatures if you’re curious.

History’s Highest-Attended Super Bowl Locations

Perhaps just 34 stadiums across 10 states have hosted the Super Bowl due to the states’ extreme NFL fan dedication. For example, California has hosted the Super Bowl 13 times, and maybe rightfully so. Super Bowls held in stadiums throughout Californa are some of the most-attended in NFL history.

The #1 highest-attended Super Bowl ever was Super Bowl XIV held at the Rose Bowl in 1980. About 103,985 American football fans packed themselves into the Rose Bowl to see the Pittsburgh Steelers play the Los Angeles Rams. The second highest-attended Super Bowl (103,667 fans attended) was Super Bowl XVII, also held at the Rose Bowl in 1983. Any guesses where the third highest-attended Super Bowl was located? The Rose Bowl in 1977. What is it about Pasadena, Califonia or its stadium that draws the largest Super Bowl crowds? Perhaps it’s the large stadium capacity. As it happens, the Rose Bowl is the 15th largest stadium in the world with a capacity: 90,888. Note the other large stadiums on this map.

2011’s Super Bowl XLV broke the Rose Bowl’s trend when the Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas, saw 103,219 fans in attendance. It was the fourth best-attended Super Bowl. As for the fifth and sixth most well-attended? Super Bowls XXI and XXVII were both once again located at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. Notably, the seventh and eighth best-attended Super Bowls also took place in California, but not at the Rose Bowl. Super Bowls VII and XIX were held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Stanford Stadium, respectively.

Future Super Bowl Locations

Since the Super Bowl’s location is chosen three to four years ahead of time, we already know the locations of Super Bowls LIV-LVIII.

Super Bowl Game	Date & Season	Venue	City	State	Attendance	Winning team	Losing team	Score
LIV	February 2, 2020 2019	Hard Rock Stadium	Miami Gardens	Florida	TBD	2019–20 NFC champion	To be determined	—
LV	February 7, 2021 2020	Raymond James Stadium	Tampa	Florida	TBD	2020–21 AFC champion	To be determined	—
LVI	February 6, 2022 2021	SoFi Stadium	Inglewood	California	TBD	2021–22 NFC champion	To be determined	—
LVII	February 5, 2023 2022	State Farm Stadium	Glendale	Arizona	TBD	2022–23 AFC champion	To be determined	—
LVIII	February 4, 2024 2023	Mercedes-Benz Superdome	New Orleans	Louisiana	TBD	2023–24 NFC champion	To be determined	—

Super Bowl LIV will be Hard Rock Stadium’s first, although it won’t be the first for the city of Miami Gardens. The city’s Joe Robbie Stadium has hosted two previous Super Bowls while Miami Gardens’ Dolphin Stadium, Pro Player Stadium, and Sun Life Stadium have hosted one Super Bowl each. Super Bowl LV will be the third hosted at the Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, but it will be the fifth for the city itself. The other two Super Bowls located in Tampa were played at the Tampa Stadium.

The SoFi Stadium and its city of Inglewood will have its first chance at hosting a Super Bowl in 2022, and it will also be the State Farm Stadium’s first Super Bowl the following year. However, it won’t be the first for the city of Glendale. 2024 will see the Mercedes-Benz Superdome’s second Super Bowl. However, New Orleans, where the Superdome is located, is not inexperienced in hosting Super Bowls. Six Super Bowls have been held at the city’s other Superdome, the Louisiana Superdome, along with the three Super Bowls held at the Tulane Stadium.

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Hopefully, the Super Bowl can expand it’s location preferences so that more football fans can watch a live game. What team would you love to see live? Pick from the Super Bowl winners and losers.

So, you have data and you need a quick way to make sense of it. A PivotTable is a great option and it is one of Excel’s most powerful tools. We’ll walk you through what a PivotTable is, preparing your data for a PivotTable, quickly performing analytics using a PivotTable to Count and Sum your data, and finally, overlaying your PivotTable data onto a map using sum clustering.

What is a PivotTable?

First, let’s establish what a PivotTable is and what it can do. A PivotTable is a quick and easy tool within Excel that allows users to easily summarize data. Now, most regular tables have summary rows at the bottom such as a Sum to show the total sales of all products in all states or a Count of all of the entries included within the table.

However, a PivotTable takes those summaries a step further by allowing users to quickly answer more specific questions such as the total sales broken down by each product, state, or even city with just a few mouse clicks.

Preparing Your Data

Now that we know what a Pivot Table is and what it can do, the first step to create one is to prepare your data by organizing it into a single worksheet, preferably into a Defined Table.

Organizing Data into a Single Worksheet

It’s common to have data stored in multiple places, like separate tabs for various time periods or products. In order to view all of this data within your PivotTable, you’ll need to combine it into a single worksheet. The simplest way to do this is to identify the difference between each data source and create a new corresponding column within your combined worksheet to store that differentiator. For example, perhaps a different salesperson manages each business segment resulting in a separate workbook for each segment as pictured below.

To combine this data, we can create a new column called “Segment” anywhere within the data set and populate the rows with the corresponding segment name as we copy and paste all the data into a single table.

Pro Tip! – If your data already includes a date field, there is no need to add an additional column for the time period identifier. The date field can be used to break the data back out into the applicable time periods once we create our PivotTable.

Creating a Defined Table

Now that you’ve organized your data into a single worksheet, you can save yourself time down the road by identifying the data as a Defined Table. Do this by clicking anywhere within your data and choosing the “Format as Table” option on the “Home” ribbon. A major advantage of creating a Defined Table upfront is that your PivotTable can be kept current over time even as the underlying data is updated. All you have to do is toggle the “Refresh Data” option within your PivotTable to pull in any new or modified data.

Create a PivotTable to Count

If your goal is to determine how many times a specific event occurred, such as how many distinct customers made a purchase or how many sales were generated within each city, a PivotTable configured to Count records is exactly what you need. To start, if you already have your data within a Defined Table, simply click anywhere on your table and choose “Summarize with PivotTable” from the “Table” ribbon.

Alternatively, if your data has not already been organized into a Defined Table, you can select your data manually by clicking the top leftmost cell within your dataset and then dragging down to the bottom rightmost cell. At this point, you can click “PivotTable” from the “Insert” ribbon.

From there you’ll be able to choose which data point you want to count by selecting the checkbox next to the data in the right-hand PivotTable Fields settings that automatically open when creating a new PivotTable.

By default, Excel will sum the data as it sees that we have chosen a numerical field. We can change this by left-clicking on the “i” button on the far right corner of the “Sum of Sales” value. This will give you several formula options to choose from. We’ll choose “Count” which results in a count of all sales record instances.

Pro Tip! – Save time by formatting your data columns with the correct field type from the start such as Date, Number, or Text. Excel will automatically sort by Date data, Sum numerical data, and Count text or mixed data.

Now, let’s let Excel do the heavy lifting! Simply drag the “City” column from the list of fields to the “Rows” box within the PivotTable settings to break down the number of sales by city. You can also increase the depth of the PivotTable by dragging in an additional field, such as the “State” field, to the Filter selector in order to drill down into the data you are most interested in.

Create a PivotTable to Sum Values

There are other instances in which using the Sum of the data rather than the Count is more useful. In order to sum the data, go back to the “i” on the right-hand side of the “Count of Sales” field and choose “Sum”. Now we can see the total sales revenue broken down by each city.

Depending on your goal, it is often helpful to stack different fields within the Rows or Columns selectors. For instance, placing the “State” field above “City” in the below example allows us to quickly see not only the highest-grossing states but also the individual city contributions within each state.

One of the most beneficial aspects of a PivotTable is that they are dynamic. You can move the fields around between Rows, Columns, Filters, and Values boxes on the fly to gain perspective and play with different analyses. Spend a moment moving the fields you are interested in between the boxes to get a better feel for how the PivotTable works. You may be surprised how quickly you can discover new insights!

Create a Map of Sales Data

Now, if you have geographic data such as addresses, cities, or states as in the sales examples above, you can take your data analysis to the next level by visualizing the data on a map with sum clustering. Just like when we summed up our data in a PivotTable, BatchGeo’s mapping service has an advanced clustering feature. When enabled, this feature allows you to sum up the values of a specific field as a label for each cluster.

Pro Tip! – To enable sum clustering:

View Example Sales Data in a full screen map

Here you can see sum clustering data analysis on sales data broken out by city or state. Regions are clustered together and the cities and states are averaged. As you zoom in or even click on a cluster, you’ll see smaller clusters that demonstrate how the smaller areas contribute to the overall sum.